The field of Biometrics is an ever-expanding research area formed of different perceptions and theories from identity to verification. This can be fascinating with numerous aspects usually leading to authentication and security. Biometric identification involves capturing a physical element of an individual, which can be later used for verification by running multiple checks against stored data. It uses different methods to pattern match an individual and has always proven difficult to replicate. This is because each individual has a unique set of characteristics and no matching traits even in the case of identical twins. This research report presents an overview of various authorization and authentication techniques currently making use of biometrics technology. Moreover, a brief overview of biometric history is discussed to give an insight where it all began and how the use of technology has advanced its development. There is a variety of biometric authentication technologies used in today’s society, which are explored. One aspect to consider when deliberating about the use of biometric systems and how each application method has evolved is; at what point does the matter of security become an invasion of privacy?
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The past few decades have witnessed the rapid progress of technology, engulfing all the aspects of human existence. The assistance of technology in man’s mundane as well as specialized activities has rendered it a part & parcel of his life. With the advancement of technology the professional and personal information is now stored digitally in the memory of IC chips. Such vital information cannot be guarded against frauds through lock & key. In order to ensure denial of access to classified data by unauthorized persons, passwords & secret codes were implemented. But the security tools like smart cards, magnetic stripe cards & physical keys can be lost, stolen or duplicated. Passwords can be forgotten, shared or unintentionally observed by a third party. Instead of guaranteeing a foolproof security system these tools become a nuisance for the users. The most rapidly emerging technology for security system is the BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY. Biometric user authentication techniques can be used to protect PCs & Networks from unauthorized access by authenticating users based on a physical feature such as fingerprints, retina, iris, hand or face. Biometrics is a means of using parts of human body as a kind of permanent password. Biometrics turns your face, hand or eye into your badge of identity. We attempt to find the best solution in different situations & compare the pros & cons.
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Biometrics is automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic. Among the features measured are; face fingerprints, hand geometry, handwriting, iris, retinal, vein, and voice. Biometric technologies are becoming the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and personal verification solutions. As the level of security breaches and transaction fraud increases, the need for highly secure identification and personal verification technologies is, becoming apparent. The need for biometrics can be found in federal, state and local governments, in the military, and in commercial applications. Enterprise-wide network security infrastructures, government IDs, secure electronic banking, investing and other financial transactions, retail sales, law enforcement, and health and social services are already benefiting from these technologies
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Biometric authentication offers most reliable approach to person authentication. This authentication approach is based on the "what you are" security measure. However, biometric templates are vulnerable to different types of attacks and any data leakage cause privacy risks. Unlike passwords, stolen biometric data cannot be revoked or reissued hence biometric templates must be protected and any leakage of biometric information must be prevented. This paper surveys various biometric template protection schemes.
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— Biometrics is becoming very essential in computer security world. Biometrics refers to an automated system that can identify a person by measuring their physical and behavioral uniqueness or patterns, and comparing it. By using biometric techniques a person can be identified/verified based on " who she/he is " rather than " what she/he has " (card, token, key) or " what she/he/ knows " (password, PIN). In this paper, present a review of biometric standards, both unique and multi model, and their advantages and disadvantages will be presented.
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